Several wastes and by-products are either used or generated during the production phase of building products. A waste is an output from a process that has not yet reached the end-of-waste state. A by-product is an output that is not a waste, but has low value relative to the product or co-products.
Examples:
Residues from wood and forestry industry Residual forest wood (hardwood), Residual forest wood (softwood), Bark, Slash, Sawmill by-products, Cut-outs, Sawdust, Old wood, Forestry pruning, Black liquor, Tall oil
Agricultural by-products
Cereal straw, Hay, Digestates based on animal manure, Digestates based on plants, Winter / Summer catch crops, Residues from vegetable cultivation, Residues from fruit cultivation, Beet residues, Green clippings, Herbaceous biomass, Woody biomass, Silage, Algae, Corn residues, Mushroom waste, Fishery biomas, Buffer strip residues
Residues from food industry
Residues from animal processing, Residues from fish processing, Fruit residues, Vegetable residues, Residues from oil production, Nut shells, Pressed pulp, Molasses, Used cooking oil, Coffee grounds
Residues from beverage industry & Dairy Operations
Draff, Yeast residues from beer production, Residues rom wineries, Residues from distilleries, Pomace, Whey
Residues from Livestock Farming
Slurry, Solid manure
Residues from biotechnology industry, feed production, biodiesel and bioethanol production