Agricultural residues include rice straw, wheat straw, rice husk, and corn stover, which are mostly left on the fields after harvests and used for fodder and landfill material or burnt in many places. Forestry residues consist of branches, leaves, bark, and other portions of wood. Lignocellulosic biomass in general consists of 35% – 55% cellulose, 25% – 40% hemicellulose, and 15%–25% lignin with small percentage of extractive, protein, and ash.
Example for use:
Field residues such as straw of grain crops and processing residues such as husks, chaff, cobs, or bagasse can be used for biofuel and bioenergy production. Biofuels and bioenergy from residues are generally considered sustainable as they use waste materials from food crop production, and do not compete with food crops for land.